Javascript required
Skip to content Skip to sidebar Skip to footer
Home / The Art Institute of Chicago 111 S Michigan Avenue Chicago Il 60603

The Art Institute of Chicago 111 S Michigan Avenue Chicago Il 60603

Art museum and school in Chicago, Usa

Art Institute of Chicago
Art_Institute_of_Chicago_logo
Art Institute of Chicago (51575570710).jpg

As seen from Michigan Ave

Art Institute of Chicago is located in Chicago metropolitan area

Art Institute of Chicago

Location within Chicago metropolitan area

Show map of Chicago metropolitan area

Art Institute of Chicago is located in Illinois

Art Institute of Chicago

Art Plant of Chicago (Illinois)

Show map of Illinois

Art Institute of Chicago is located in the United States

Art Institute of Chicago

Art Institute of Chicago (the United States)

Testify map of the United States

Established 1879; in present location since 1893
Location 111 Due south Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60603
USA
Coordinates 41°52′46″North 87°37′26″W  /  41.87944°N 87.62389°W  / 41.87944; -87.62389 Coordinates: 41°52′46″North 87°37′26″Due west  /  41.87944°N 87.62389°W  / 41.87944; -87.62389
Collection size 300,000 works
Visitors ane.79 1000000 (2016)[1]
365,660 (2020) (drop due to COVID-19 pandemic closures)[2]
Manager James Rondeau
Public transit access CTA Motorbus routes:
(6 and 28 line)

'L' and Subway stations:

Adams-Wabash:

Brown Line

Green Line

Orangish Line

Pink Line

Purple Line


Monroe/State:

Red Line


Monroe/Dearborn:

Blue Line


Metra Train:
Van Buren Street Station
Website world wide web.artic.edu

The Fine art Institute of Chicago in Chicago's Grant Park, founded in 1879, is i of the oldest and largest art museums in the world. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity amidst visitors, the museum hosts approximately 1.5 1000000 people annually.[3] Its collection, stewarded past 11 curatorial departments, is encyclopedic, and includes iconic works such as Georges Seurat'south A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, Pablo Picasso'southward The Old Guitarist, Edward Hopper'south Nighthawks, and Grant Wood'southward American Gothic. Its permanent collection of nearly 300,000 works of art is augmented by more than xxx special exhibitions mounted yearly that illuminate aspects of the collection and nowadays cut-border curatorial and scientific enquiry.

As a research institution, the Art Institute also has a conservation and conservation science department, five conservation laboratories, and one of the largest art history and architecture libraries in the country—the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries.

The growth of the drove has warranted several additions to the museum'southward 1893 building, which was constructed for the Globe's Columbian Exposition. The most contempo expansion, the Modern Fly designed by Renzo Piano, opened in 2009 and increased the museum's footprint to nearly one million square feet, making it the second-largest art museum in the Us, subsequently the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[4] The Fine art Institute is associated with the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, a leading art school, making information technology one of the few remaining unified arts institutions in the United States.

In 2017, the Art Found received ane,619,316 visitors, and was the 35th most-visited art museum in the world.[5] However, in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the museum was closed for 169 days, and attendance plunged by 78 percent from 2019, to 365,660.[vi]

History [edit]

In 1866, a group of 35 artists founded the Chicago Academy of Design in a studio on Dearborn Street, with the intent to run a free school with its own fine art gallery. The organisation was modeled after European art academies, such as the Purple Academy, with Academicians and Acquaintance Academicians. The Academy's charter was granted in March 1867.

Classes started in 1868, meeting every day at a cost of $x per month. The University's success enabled it to build a new habitation for the school, a 5-story stone edifice on 66 West Adams Street, which opened on November 22, 1870.

When the Great Chicago Burn destroyed the building in 1871 the Academy was thrown into debt. Attempts to go on despite the loss by using rented facilities failed. Past 1878, the Academy was $10,000 in debt. Members tried to rescue the ailing institution by making deals with local businessmen, before some finally abased it in 1879 to found a new organization, named the Chicago University of Fine Arts. When the Chicago Academy of Design went broke the aforementioned year, the new Chicago Academy of Fine Arts bought its assets at auction.

This 1893 sketch of the then new Art Institute of Chicago shows well-nigh of today's Grant Park still submerged under Lake Michigan, with the railroad tracks running along the shoreline backside the Museum

In 1882, the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts changed its proper noun to the electric current Fine art Constitute of Chicago and elected every bit its first president the banker and philanthropist Charles 50. Hutchinson, who "is arguably the single most important private to have shaped the direction and fortunes of the Art Institute of Chicago".[vii] : 5 Hutchinson was a director of many prominent Chicago organizations, including the University of Chicago,[eight] and would transform the Art Plant into a world-class museum during his presidency, which he held until his death in 1924.[nine] Also in 1882, the organization purchased a lot on the southwest corner of Michigan Artery and Van Buren Street for $45,000. The existing commercial building on that belongings was used for the system'southward headquarters, and a new addition was constructed behind it to provide gallery space and to house the school'south facilities.[7] : 19 By January 1885 the trustees recognized the need to provide additional space for the organisation's growing drove, and to this terminate purchased the vacant lot directly south on Michigan Avenue. The commercial building was demolished,[ten] and the noted architect John Wellborn Root was hired past Hutchinson to design a building that would create an "impressive presence" on Michigan Avenue,[7] : 22–23 and these facilities opened to groovy fanfare in 1887.[vii] : 24

With the announcement of the Earth'southward Columbian Exposition to be held in 1892–93, the Art Institute pressed for a building on the lakefront to be constructed for the off-white, but to be used by the Institute afterwards. The urban center agreed, and the edifice was completed in time for the 2nd year of the fair. Construction costs were met by selling the Michigan/Van Buren property. On Oct 31, 1893, the Plant moved into the new edifice. For the opening reception on December 8, 1893, Theodore Thomas and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra performed.

From the early 1900s (to the 1960s the schoolhouse offered with the Logan Family (members of the board) the Logan Medal of the Arts, an award which became one of the almost distinguished awards presented to artists in the US. Between 1959 and 1970, the institute was a central site in the battle to gain art and documentary photography a identify in galleries, under curator Hugh Edwards and his assistants.

Every bit Director of the museum starting in the early on 1980s, James N. Woods conducted a major expansion of its drove and oversaw a major renovation and expansion project for its facilities. As "ane of the most respected museum leaders in the country", equally described by The New York Times, Wood created major exhibitions of works by Paul Gauguin, Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh that fix records for attendance at the museum. He retired from the museum in 2004.[eleven]

The Institute began construction of "The Modern Wing", an improver situated on the southwest corner of Columbus and Monroe in the early on 21st century.[12] The projection, designed by Pritzker Prize–winning architect Renzo Piano, was completed and officially opened to the public on May sixteen, 2009. The 264,000-foursquare-human foot (24,500 m2) edifice addition made the Art Institute the second-largest art museum in the United States. The building houses the museum's world-renowned collections of 20th and 21st century art, specifically modern European painting and sculpture, gimmicky art, compages and blueprint, and photography. In its inaugural survey in 2014, travel review website and forum, Tripadvisor, reviewed millions of travelers' surveys and named the Art Institute the globe's all-time museum.[xiii]

The museum received perhaps the largest souvenir of art in its history in 2015.[14] Collectors Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson donated a "collection [that] is among the globe's greatest groups of postwar Popular art ever assembled".[15] The donation includes works by Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, Cy Twombly, Jeff Koons, Charles Ray, Richard Prince, Cindy Sherman, Roy Lichtenstein and Gerhard Richter. The museum agreed to keep the donated work on display for at least 50 years.[15] In June 2018, the museum received a $50 one thousand thousand donation, the largest single announced budgetary donation in its history.[16]

Collection [edit]

The drove of the Fine art Institute of Chicago encompasses more than than five,000 years of human expression from cultures effectually the world and contains more than than 300,000 works of art in xi curatorial departments, ranging from early Japanese prints to the fine art of the Byzantine Empire to contemporary American art. It is principally known for 1 of the U.s.a.' finest collection of paintings produced in Western culture.[17] [xviii]

African Art and Indian Fine art of the Americas [edit]

The Art Institute'southward African Art and Indian Art of the Americas collections are on display beyond 2 galleries in the southward end of the Michigan Artery building. The African collection includes more than than 400 works that span the continent, highlighting ceramics, garments, masks, and jewelry.[19]

The Amerindian collection includes Native North American fine art and Mesoamerican and Andean works. From pottery to textiles, the collection brings together a wide array of objects that seek to illustrate the thematic and aesthetic focuses of art spanning the Americas.[20]

American Art [edit]

Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, 1942

The Art Found'southward American Art collection contains some of the best-known works in the American canon, including Edward Hopper'due south Nighthawks, Grant Wood's American Gothic, and Mary Cassatt'south The Child'southward Bath. The collection ranges from colonial argent to modernistic and contemporary paintings.

The museum purchased Nighthawks in 1942 for $iii,000;[21] [22] [23] its acquisition "launched" the painting into "immense popular recognition".[24] Considered an "icon of American civilisation",[21] [25] Nighthawks is perhaps Hopper's most famous painting, as well as ane of the most recognizable images in American art.[26] [27] [28] Likewise well known, American Gothic has been in the museum's collection since 1930 and was merely loaned outside of North America for the first fourth dimension in 2016.[29] Wood's painting depicts what has been called "the most famous couple in the world", a bleak, rural-American, begetter and daughter. Information technology was entered into a contest at the Art Institute in 1930, and although not a favorite of some, information technology won a medal and was caused past the museum.[xxx] [31]

Ancient and Byzantine [edit]

The Art Institute's ancient collection spans nearly 4,000 years of art and history, showcasing Greek, Etruscan, Roman, and Egyptian sculpture, mosaics, pottery, jewelry, glass, and bronze as well every bit a robust and well-maintained drove of ancient coins. In that location are around 5,000 works in the collection, offering a comprehensive survey of the ancient and medieval Mediterranean world, starting time with the third millennium B.C. and extending to the Byzantine Empire.[32] The collection also holds the mummy and mummy case of Paankhenamun.[33] [34]

Architecture and Design [edit]

The Section of Architecture and Blueprint holds more than 140,000 works, from models to drawings from the 1870s to the present solar day. The collection covers landscape compages, structural technology, and industrial pattern, including the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier.[35]

Asian Art [edit]

The Fine art Institute's Asian drove spans about v,000 years, including meaning works and objects from Communist china, Korea, Japan, Republic of india, Southeast Asia, and the Near and Middle E. There are 35,000 objects in the collection, showcasing bronzes, ceramics, and jades as well as textiles, screens, woodcuts, and sculptures.[36] Ane gallery in particular attempts to mimic the serenity and meditative way in which Japanese screens are traditionally viewed.

European Decorative Arts [edit]

The Art Institute's collection of European decorative arts includes some 25,000 objects of furniture, ceramics, metalwork, glass, enamel, and ivory from 1100 A.D. to the nowadays mean solar day. The department contains the 1,544 objects in the Arthur Rubloff Paperweight Collection and the 68 Thorne Miniature Rooms–a collection of miniaturized interiors of a i:12 scale showcasing American, European, and Asian architectural and furniture styles from the Eye Ages to the 1930s (when the rooms were constructed).[37] Both the paperweights and the Thorne Rooms are located on the basis floor of the museum.

European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

Georges Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte — 1884, 1884/86

The museum is nigh famous for its collections of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, widely regarded as one of the finest collections exterior of France.[38] Highlights include more than than 30 paintings past Claude Monet, including six of his Haystacks and a number of Water Lilies. Also in the collection are important works past Pierre-Auguste Renoir such as Ii Sisters (On the Terrace), and Gustave Caillebotte's Paris Street; Rainy Twenty-four hour period. Post-Impressionist works include Paul Cézanne's The Basket of Apples, and Madame Cézanne in a Yellow Chair. At the Moulin Rouge past Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is another highlight. The pointillist masterpiece, which as well inspired a musical and was famously featured in Ferris Bueller'due south Solar day Off, Georges Seurat'due south Sun Afternoon on La Grande Jatte—1884, is prominently displayed. Additionally, Henri Matisse's Bathers by a River, is an important instance of his work. Highlights of non-French paintings of the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collection include Vincent van Gogh's Bedroom in Arles and Self-portrait, 1887.

In the mid-1930s, the Art Institute received a gift of over one hundred works of art from Annie Swan Coburn ("Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Drove"). The "Coburn Renoirs" became the cadre of the Fine art Constitute'southward Impressionist painting collection.[39]

The collection also includes the Medieval and Renaissance Art, Arms, and Armor holdings, including the George F. Harding Collection of artillery and armor,[40] and three centuries of Old Masters works.[41]

Modern and Gimmicky Art [edit]

The museum'south collection of modern and contemporary fine art was significantly augmented when collectors Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson gifted forty plus master works to the department in 2015.[42] Pablo Picasso'southward Old Guitarist, Henri Matisse's Bathers by a River, Constantin Brâncuși's Golden Bird, and René Magritte's Fourth dimension Transfixed are highlights of the modern galleries, located on the third flooring of the Modern Fly.[43] The contemporary installation, located on the 2nd floor, contains works by Andy Warhol, Cindy Sherman, Cy Twombly, Jackson Pollock, Jasper Johns, and other pregnant modern and gimmicky artists.

Photography [edit]

The Art Constitute didn't officially found a photography collection until 1949, when Georgia O'Keeffe donated a pregnant portion of the Alfred Stieglitz drove to the museum.[44] Since so, the museum's collection has grown to approximately xx,000 works spanning the history of the artform from its inception in 1839 to the present.

Prints and Drawings [edit]

The print and drawings collection began with a donation by Elizabeth S. Stickney of 460 works in 1887, and was organized into its own department of the museum in 1911.[45] Their holdings have subsequently grown to 11,500 drawings and 60,000 prints, ranging from 15th-century works to contemporary. The drove contains a strong group of the works of Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Francisco Goya, and James McNeill Whistler. Because works on paper are sensitive to light and degrade quickly, the works are on display infrequently in order to keep them in good condition for every bit long as possible.

Textiles [edit]

The Department of Textiles has more than than xiii,000 textiles and 66,000 sample swatches in full, covering an array of cultures from 300 B.C. to the present. From English needlework to Japanese garments to American quilts, the drove presents a diverse group of objects, including contemporary works and cobweb art.[46]

Compages [edit]

Michigan Avenue entrance today

A postcard of the Art Institute dated 1907

The electric current building at 111 South Michigan Artery is the third address for the Art Institute. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts fashion by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge of Boston[47] for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition as the World's Congress Auxiliary Edifice with the intent that the Art Institute occupy the space after the fair closed.

The Art Institute's famous western archway on Michigan Artery is guarded by two bronze panthera leo statues created by Edward Kemeys. The lions were unveiled on May 10, 1894, each weighing more than two tons. The sculptor gave them unofficial names: the south lion is "stands in an attitude of defiance", and the northward lion is "on the cruise". When a Chicago sports squad plays in the championships of their corresponding league (i.e. the Super Basin or Stanley Cup Finals, not the entire playoffs), the lions are frequently dressed in that squad's uniform. Evergreen wreaths are placed around their necks during the Christmas season.

The east entrance of the museum is marked by the stone arch archway to the quondam Chicago Stock Exchange. Designed by Louis Sullivan in 1894, the Commutation was torn down in 1972, but salvaged portions of the original trading room were brought to the Fine art Institute and reconstructed.

The Fine art Institute edifice has the unusual belongings of straddling open up-air railroad tracks. Ii stories of gallery infinite connect the e and westward buildings while the Metra Electric and South Shore lines operate below. The lower level of gallery space was formerly the windowless Gunsaulus hall, just is now dwelling to the Alsdorf Galleries showcasing Indian, Southeast Asian and Himalayan Fine art. During renovation, windows facing north toward Millennium Park were added. The gallery space was designed past Renzo Piano in conjunction with his design of the Modern Wing and features the same window screening used there to protect the fine art from direct sunlight. The upper level formerly held the modern European galleries, only was renovated in 2008 and now features the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist galleries.

Libraries [edit]

Located on the footing floor of the museum is the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries. The Libraries' collections cover all periods of art, but is most known for its extensive drove of 18th to 20th century architecture. It serves the museum staff, higher and university students, and is besides open to the general public. The Friends of the Libraries, a back up group for the Libraries, offers events and special tours for its members.

Modern Wing [edit]

Art Institute of Chicago Modernistic Wing

On May sixteen, 2009, the Art Institute opened the Modern Fly, the largest expansion in the museum's history.[48] The 264,000-square-foot (24,500 10002) improver, designed by Renzo Piano, makes the Art Institute the second-largest museum in the United states of america.[4] The architect of record in the City of Chicago for this building was Interactive Design.[49] The Modern Wing is dwelling to the museum'southward collection of early on 20th-century European art, including Pablo Picasso's The Quondam Guitarist, Henri Matisse's Bathers by a River, and René Magritte's Time Transfixed. The Lindy and Edwin Bergman Collection of Surrealist fine art includes the largest public display of Joseph Cornell'south works (37 boxes and collages).[l] The Wing likewise houses gimmicky art from after 1960; new photography, video media, architecture and design galleries including original renderings past Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Bruce Goff; temporary exhibition space; shops and classrooms; a buffet and a eating place, Terzo Piano, that overlooks Millennium Park from its terrace.[51] In addition, the Nichols Bridgeway connects a sculpture garden on the roof of the new fly with the adjacent Millennium Park to the n and a courtyard designed by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol. In 2009, the Modern Wing won at the Chicago Innovation Awards.[52]

Selections from the permanent collection [edit]

Note that other notable works are in the drove simply the following examples are ones in the public domain and for which pictures are available. In 2018, as information technology redesigned its website, the Art Found released 52,438 of its public domain works, nether the Creative Eatables Zero (CC0) licence.[53]

Paintings [edit]

  • Paul Cézanne, The Bay of Marseilles, view from 50'Estaque, 1885

  • Pablo Picasso, 1904, Woman with a Helmet of Hair, gouache on tan wood pulp lath

  • Kazimir Malevich, Painterly Realism of a Football Player—Colour Masses in the fourth Dimension, 1915

Sculptures [edit]

More highlights from the collection [edit]

  • One of the Thorne Miniature Rooms, c. 1930s

  • Pieces from the porcelain collection in the Art Plant of Chicago

  • Museum hall

Governance [edit]

Attendance [edit]

During 2009, attendance was around 2 million—upward 33 percent from 2008—in addition to a total of approximately 100,000 museum memberships. Despite a 25 per centum heave in museum admission fees, the Modern Fly was a major goad for a rise in visitor traffic.[54]

Finances [edit]

As of 2011, the Fine art Institute continues to rebuild its $783 meg endowment since the recession.[55] In June 2008, its endowment was $827 one thousand thousand. As of 2012, the museum is rated A1 by Moody'due south, its fifth-highest grade, in part reflecting the museum's pension and retirement liabilities; Standard & Poor's rates the museum A+, fifth-all-time. In October 2012, the Art Institute sold about $100 million of taxable and revenue enhancement-exempt bonds partly to shore up unfunded pension obligations.[56]

The $294 million extension in 2009 was the culmination of a $385 1000000 fundraising campaign—roughly $300 meg for blueprint and construction and $85 one thousand thousand for the endowment. Around $370 million were raised primarily from private patrons in Chicago.[57] In 2011, the Art Institute received a $x million gift from the Jaharis Family Foundation to renovate and expand galleries devoted to Greek, Roman and Byzantine art, as well as to back up acquisitions and special exhibitions of that art.[58]

Acquisitions and deaccessioning [edit]

In 1990, the Fine art Constitute of Chicago sold eleven works at auction, including paintings by Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani, Maurice Utrillo and Edgar Degas, to raise the $12 meg buy cost of a statuary sculpture, Golden Bird, by Constantin Brâncuși. At the time, the sculpture was owned by the Arts Club of Chicago, which was selling information technology to buy a new gallery for its other works.[59] In 2005, the museum sold two paintings by Marc Chagall and Auguste Renoir at Sotheby's.[sixty] In 2011, it auctioned ii Picassos (Sur l'impériale traversant la Seine (1901) and Verre et pipe (1919)), Henri Matisse's Femme au fauteuil (1919), and Georges Braque's Nature morte à la guitare (rideaux rouge) (1938) at Christie's in London.[61] [62]

Directors [edit]

  • William M.R. French (1885–1914)
  • Newton Carpenter (1914–1916)
  • George Eggers (1918–1921)
  • Robert Harshe (1921–1938)
  • Daniel Catton Rich (1938–1958)
  • Allen McNab (1956–1965)
  • Charles Cunningham (1965–1972)
  • E. Laurence Chalmers (1972–1986)
  • James Due north. Wood (1980–2004)
  • James Cuno (2004–2011)
  • Douglas Druick (2011–2016)
  • James Rondeau (2016–present)

Controversy [edit]

Management of investments dispute [edit]

In 2002, the Art Institute of Chicago filed suit alleging fraud by a pocket-size Dallas firm called Integral Investment Direction, forth with related parties. The museum, which put $43 million of its endowment into funds run by the defendants, claimed that it faced losses of up to xc% on the investments later on they soured.[63]

Construction disputes [edit]

In 2010, the year after the opening of its massive Modern Wing, the Art Institute of Chicago sued the technology firm Ove Arup for $x meg over what it said were flaws in the physical floors and air-circulation systems. The suit was settled out of court.[64] [65]

Docent program variety dispute [edit]

In 2021, the Art Constitute ended its unpaid volunteer docents program to move to a paid model. The Chicago Tribune editorial page criticized the Intitute'south letter announcing the modify and the move to a new model, arguing that "[o]nce you cutting through the blather, the alphabetic character basically said the museum had looked critically at its corps of docents, a group dominated past mostly (but non entirely) white, retired women with some fourth dimension to spare, and found them wanting equally a demographic."[66] The Institute's manager, Robert M. Levy, responded in a Tribune op-ed supporting the alter, and described the Tribune'due south editorial as having "numerous inaccuracies and mischaracterizations", noted that the docent program had already been largely on pause for the past fifteen months due to the COVID pandemic, and argued that the decision was not almost anyone'southward identity, it was in keeping with changing modern museum practices around the world.[67]

Following a volunteerism surge in the tardily 1940s, the program had been created in 1961 to revitalize and expand "programming for children."[68] Amid other matters, since 2014 the program had been trying to attract a more various socioeconomic perspective set of art-bout guides, given the unpaid time delivery needed.[69]

In popular civilization [edit]

Director John Hughes included a sequence in the Art Establish in his 1986 film Ferris Bueller's Solar day Off, which is set in Chicago. During it the characters are shown viewing A Lord's day Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. Hughes had first visited the Plant as a "refuge" while in loftier school. Hughes' commentary on the sequence was used as a reference point by journalist Hadley Freeman in a word of the Republican presidential chief candidates in 2011.[71]

The paintings used in the 1970 Parker Brothers lath game Masterpiece are works held in the Art Found's collection.[72] [ not-primary source needed ]

Run across also [edit]

  • American Academy of Fine art
  • Bessie Bennett, early 20th century Curator of Decorative Art
  • Forest Idyll
  • List of most-visited museums in the United states of america
  • Listing of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago
  • Alme Meyvis
  • Visual arts of Chicago

References [edit]

  1. ^ Johnson, Steve (Jan 25, 2017). "Chicago museums prepare attendance records in 2016". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2021-01-29 .
  2. ^ Fine art Newspaper List of Most-Visited Art museums, 31 March 2021
  3. ^ "Visitor Figures 2013: Museum and exhibition attendance numbers compiled and analysed" (PDF). The Art Newspaper (International ed.). XXIII (256). April 2014.
  4. ^ a b Smith, Roberta (May 13, 2009). "A M and Intimate Modern Art Trove". The New York Times . Retrieved 2011-06-13 .
  5. ^ "Exhibition and Museum Company Figures 2017". The Art Newspaper. March 26, 2018. Retrieved 2021-10-xi .
  6. ^ Sharpe, Emily; da Silva, José (March xxx, 2021). "Visitor Figures 2020: summit 100 art museums revealed as attendance drops by 77% worldwide". The Fine art Newspaper.
  7. ^ a b c d Hilliard, Celia (2010). "The Prime Mover" - Charles L. Hutchinson and the making of the Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago: The Fine art Institute of Chicago. ISBN978-086559-238-4.
  8. ^ "Few Changes Made - University of Chicago Trustees Hold an Election - Two Vacancies Filled - Other Members Whose Terms Expired Re-Elected - Examinations for Positions equally Teachers in the Public Schools of the City". The Daily Inter-Ocean: 1. June 28, 1893.
  9. ^ Dillon, Diane (September 18, 2004). Art Plant of Chicago. Encyclopedia of Chicago. The Newberry Library. Retrieved 2015-07-24 .
  10. ^ "The Art Constitute – The Western Art Motility and its Splendid Achievements in Chicago – The New Habitation of the Fine Arts – The Ward Collection – The Century, Harper'due south - The Formal Opening of the New Museum – The Loan Drove – A Noble Triumph". The (Chicago) Inter Ocean. 16 (239): nine. November 20, 1887.
  11. ^ Kennedy, Randy (June 14, 2010). "James N. Forest, President of the Getty Trust, Dies at 69". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  12. ^ Kamin, Blair (May 31, 2005). "Art Plant to Add together New Wing". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2021-01-29 .
  13. ^ Grossman, Samantha (September 18, 2014). "These Are the 25 Best Museums in the World". Time . Retrieved 2014-09-19 .
  14. ^ Johnson, Steve (Apr 22, 2015). "Art Constitute of Chicago gets its largest gift e'er, including 9 Warhols". Chicago Tribune.
  15. ^ a b Chappell, Bill (April 22, 2015). "Souvenir Worth $400 Million To Art Institute Of Chicago Includes Works By Warhol". WBEZ News.
  16. ^ Johnson, Steve (April 17, 2018). "Art Institute lands largest announced cash donation, $70 meg in total". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2021-01-29 .
  17. ^ Chilvers, Ian, ed. (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art: The Art Plant of Chicago . Oxford University Press. pp. 813–814. ISBN978-0-1928-0022-0. Celebrated masterpieces: Nighthawks; American Gothic; A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.
  18. ^ "World's most beautiful museums". Trick News. May 3, 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-04 . Must-come across masterpieces: Georges Seurat's A Lord's day on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Nighthawks, and Vincent Van Gogh'due south Bedroom in Arles.
  19. ^ "Arts of Africa". Art Institute of Chicago . Retrieved 2019-08-10 .
  20. ^ "Arts of the Americas". Art Constitute of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  21. ^ a b "Nighthawks". Fine art Institute of Chicago.
  22. ^ The auction was recorded past Josephine Hopper as follows, in book Two, p. 95 of her and Edward'due south journal of his art: "May 13, '42: Chicago Art Plant - iii,000 + return of Compartment C in commutation equally function payment. ane,000 - one/iii = 2,000." See Deborah Lyons, Edward Hopper: A Journal of His Work New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1997, p. 63.
  23. ^ "Fine art Establish of Chicago". visual-arts-cork.com.
  24. ^ Levin, Gail (1996). "Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, Surrealism, and the War". Fine art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies. 22 (two): 180–195 at 189, 193–194. doi:10.2307/4104321. JSTOR 4104321.
  25. ^ "Edward Hopper". A Closer Expect. National Gallery of Art. 2006. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2013-04-30 .
  26. ^ "About This Artwork: Nighthawks, 1942". Art Found of Chicago . Retrieved 2013-05-04 .
  27. ^ Simon, Scott (2002-10-07). "Present at the Creation: Edward Hopper'south Nighthawks". Forenoon Edition. NPR. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  28. ^ Wood, James N. (1996). The Fine art Institute of Chicago, 20th-Century: Painting and Sculpture. Hudson Hills. ISBN978-0-8655-9096-0.
  29. ^ "American Gothic". Art Institute of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  30. ^ Fineman, Mia (June 8, 2005). "The Most Famous Farm Couple in the Earth: Why American Gothic even so fascinates". Slate.
  31. ^ "About This Artwork: American Gothic". Fine art Plant of Chicago. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
  32. ^ "Ancient and Byzantine". Art Institute of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  33. ^ "Bury and Mummy Case of Paankhenamun" (PDF). The Art Plant of Chicago . Retrieved 2013-01-13 .
  34. ^ "Bury and Mummy of Paankhenamun". Art Institute of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  35. ^ "Architecture and Blueprint". Art Establish of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  36. ^ "Asian Art". Art Establish of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  37. ^ "Thorne Miniature Rooms". Fine art Institute of Chicago. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-13 .
  38. ^ Galloway, Paul, and Alan G. Artner (September 29, 1996). "Metropolis's Impressionist Trove Rooted in Business firm of Palmer". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2019-ten-28.
  39. ^ "Case eight: Annie Swan Coburn". Women of the Art Institute . Retrieved 2018-06-16 .
  40. ^ Karcheski, Jr., Walter J. (1995). "Essay: George F. Harding, Jr. and His "Castle"". Art Institute of Chicago . Retrieved Jan 29, 2021.
  41. ^ "Arms, Armor, Medieval, and Renaissance". Art Institute of Chicago. Archived from the original on 2016-07-31. Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  42. ^ Johnson, Steve (December ix, 2015). "Massive art souvenir transforms Art Plant". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  43. ^ "Modern Fine art". Art Constitute of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  44. ^ "Photography". Art Institute of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  45. ^ Engelbrecht, Theresa Moir. "Inter-Nerveless: The Shared History of the Print Social club and Museum Collection," Art in Print. Vol. 7 No. 2 (July–August 2017), xxx.
  46. ^ "Textiles". Fine art Found of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  47. ^ "1879–1913: The Determinative Years". Art Institute of Chicago. 2007. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-twenty .
  48. ^ Ourossof, Nicolai (May 13, 2009). "Renzo Pianoforte Embraces Chicago". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-05-xiii. Retrieved 2011-06-thirteen .
  49. ^ "The Modern Fly At The Art Plant Of Chicago". Interactive Design Architects . Retrieved 2020-08-06 .
  50. ^ Seaman, Donna (March 23, 1997). "Joseph Cornell's Works At The Art Institute". Chicago Tribune.
  51. ^ "A New Kind of Institutional Dining". Zagat. May 27, 2009. Archived from the original on May v, 2019.
  52. ^ "2009 Chicago Innovation Award winners". Chicago Innovation Awards. Archived from the original on 2010-03-11.
  53. ^ Neault, Michael (22 October 2018). "Behind the Scenes of the Website Redesign". Fine art Constitute of Chicago . Retrieved 2018-11-29 .
  54. ^ Viera, Lauren (May 9, 2011). Fine art Institute leader resigns Chicago Tribune.
  55. ^ Crow, Kelly. (August 24, 2011), "Chicago's Art Found Names New Director". The Wall Street Journal.
  56. ^ Chappatta, Brian. (October 9, 2012). "Chicago Art Institute Borrows $100 Million for Pensions". Bloomberg Businessweek.
  57. ^ Kaufman, Jason Edward. (May 13, 2009). "Art Institute of Chicago's massive extension opens". Archived Oct sixteen, 2012, at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
  58. ^ Taylor, Kate (February 27, 2011). "A Gift for Art Institute". The New York Times.
  59. ^ Chicago Gallery to Sell 11 Works to Purchase Brancusi Los Angeles Times. United Press International, May 10, 1990.
  60. ^ Vogel, Carol (October 26, 2005). "Museums Gear up to Sell Fine art, and Some Experts Blench". The New York Times.
  61. ^ Viera, Lauren (January 11, 2011). "Fine art Found paintings to fetch $x-$xvi million at auction". Chicago Tribune.
  62. ^ Pogrebin, Robin (Jan 26, 2011). "The Permanent Collection May Not Be So Permanent". The New York Times.
  63. ^ "Stick to paintings". The Economist. 3 January 2002. Retrieved 2014-ten-24 .
  64. ^ Finkel, Jori (3 June 2014). "Eli Broad's Fine art Showcase, Still Unfinished, Sues Over Delays in Los Angeles". The New York Times.
  65. ^ Kapos, Shia (17 September 2013). "Art Institute closes Modern Wing's 3rd flooring for seven months". Crain's Chicago Business . Retrieved 2014-10-24 .
  66. ^ "Shame on the Art Plant for Summarily Canning Its Docents". Chicago Tribune. September 21, 2021.
  67. ^ Levy, Robert 1000. (September 30, 2021). "Op-ed: The Fine art Found — and its critics — must embrace change". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2021-ten-11 .
  68. ^ "Expanding the Museum'southward Impact". Larn with Us. The Art Institute Chicago. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 12 Oct 2021. Volunteerism surged in the United States in the postwar menstruum […] In this context, the Fine art Plant's Woman'south Board was established in 1952 […] The Adult female's Lath also helped to create the museum'south Docent Program in 1961 with the Junior League of Chicago as a means of revitalizing and expanding programming for children
  69. ^ "Art Institute of Chicago Ends Its Volunteer Docent Program". WBEZ News. 1 October 2021.
  70. ^ Freeman, Hadley (November 15, 2011). "Two new films reveal the decease and triumph of the American dream". The Guardian. London.
  71. ^ "Masterpiece". BoardGameGeek . Retrieved 10 September 2019.

External links [edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Art Institute's Impressionistic collection, YouTube

stephensondoorcall.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago